We visited the
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Library and Museum just south of Hyde Park, New York. The building is right next to the Roosevelt family home. The grounds have several other buildings; we started our visit at the visitor center/
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| FDR Library and Museum |
The center's floor has a fancy map of the area. Outside, it has bronze statues of FDR and his wife Eleanor.
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| Impressive but not useful map |
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| The kids did not opt for this photo op |
Also outside is a strange sculpture with the "four freedoms" about which FDR made a famous speech.
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| Not sure what this is supposed to be |
The Library and Museum entrance is in a courtyard with a bust of FDR donated by the International Ladies Garment Workers Union in 1947, a few years after his death. The library opened before he died, while he was still in office.
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| Courtyard |
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| Bust |
Inside, the museum goes through his presidential career with bits of his previous life sprinkled in the various rooms. The displays start his story just before he is elected. They describe the conditions during the Great Depression.
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| Reading about the past |
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| The first presidential election on 1932 |
The displays have a lot of memorabilia from FDR's first campaign and the inauguration.
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| Campaign/election stuff |
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| Inauguration items |
In another failed photo op, the kids did not want to pretend to give an inaugural address, so I had to do it at the podium provided. It was clearly made for kids because I had to kneel down so I did not look like a giant.
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| Vote for me--uh-oh, too late! |
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| Picture of Hoover and FDR riding to the inauguration together |
A side room has a bit of FDR's family history, including portraits of ancestors and some playthings from his childhood.
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| Roosevelts and Delanos |
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| Toys and household items of the rich and famous |
Items from Franklin and Eleanor's wedding and family are also on display.
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| Eleanor's engagement ring and the wedding ushers' stickpin |
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| Family pictures |
This part of the exhibit has some description of him getting
polio in 1921. The illness could have ended his political career but he worked hard to deal with his paralysis from the waist down. He tried many different doctors (some quacks) and used various therapies to help him move on his own again. He worked out a way to use a cane and hold someone else's arm to give him the appearance of walking, though mostly he greeted the public sitting down or in pre-planned circumstances. He was elected governor of New York in 1928, serving until his election as president.
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| Leg braces and other medical equipment |
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| Rare photo with the braces visible |
When in office, FDR did a lot of work in the first 100 days to get America back on its own feet. He had a group of intellectuals and academics advising him, men who were called "The Brain Trust."
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| Getting help where he can |
One of his early and lesser acclaimed actions was to start the repeal of
Prohibition by allowing alcoholic beverages to be made and sold in the United States. The Twenty-first Amendment (which ended the Eighteenth Amendment forbidding alcohol) was ratified at the end of 1933.
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| One way to end the Great Depression |
Another early, impactful action was Roosevelt's
Fireside Chats. He would broadcast a message to the American public over the radio. He would say what he was doing and provide encouragement to the people.
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| One of the original microphones from the Fireside Chats |
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| Finally in a photo op |
He described his recovery plan as a "New Deal" for the country. It had a multitude of programs to put Americans back to work. One program was patronizing the arts.
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| New Deal artwork |
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| Burt Lancaster, Zora Neale Huston, Jackson Pollock, and other recipients |
Another display shows the only four photos from his presidency where FDR is visibly in a wheelchair.
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| Hiding his disability |
A nearby display shows the comparison of federal spending and unemployment during his presidency. Unemployment was about 25% at the start with $4.6 billion of Federal spending. The spending went up, skyrocketing when World War II started.
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| Tracking numbers |
As World War II loomed, FDR bolstered relationships with Allied countries, especially the United Kingdom. The King and Queen of England came to visit America. The Roosevelts hosted them at their New York home, serving them hot dogs as an experience of American cuisine!
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| Were they really trying to make them allies? |
By this point, FDR was in the middle of his second term. A lot of questions were asked about whether he would run in 1940 for a third term as president. The tradition dating all the way back to George Washington was for the president to serve only two terms. FDR kept quiet about his plans, so cartoonists depicted him as the Sphinx. He liked the joke so much that he had a sculpture made.
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| Cartoonist's mockery |
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| Self-mockery? |
Another map shows all the presidential libraries in the United States. The only president before FDR to have a presidential library is his immediate predecessor, Herbert Hoover.
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| Presidential libraries and where to find them |
The building has FDR's private study. This room was used by Roosevelt to conduct business when he lived at home during the presidency. He broadcast some of the Fireside Chats from this room.
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| FDR private study |
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| Bookshelf |
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| Fireplace |
His 1941 State of the Union address was famous for its part where he articulated four freedoms he thought everyone should have: Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. It was popular enough for Norman Rockwell paintings to be used in posters promulgating the ideas.
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| Four Freedoms posters |
During the election in 1940, the war in Europe was a hot issue. One display shows some anti-Roosevelt buttons warning that FDR, if reeelected, would bring America into the war.
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| Anti-FDR buttons |
In 1941, the Japanese attacked the American fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (which did not have statehood at that point). The next day, FDR gave his famous "Day that will live in infamy" speech as America declared war on Japan.
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| Model of the USS Arizona, one of the ships sunk at Pearl Harbor |
The whole situation of the bombing is complicated. Some believed there was a conspiracy between FDR and the Japanese to get the United States into the war, though the idea seems a little preposterous.
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| Info on conspiracy theories |
When American got into the war, the Axis Powers had already taken substantial amounts of territory in Europe and the Pacific.
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| Map of Axis conquests in 1941 |
In a nearby corner is an exhibit on Fala, FDR's pet dog who definitely got more attention than the wheelchair. Fala became a minor celebrity, appearing in political cartoons and comic books.
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| Fala memorabilia |
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| Statue of Fala |
Eleanor Roosevelt was active during the war, visiting troops and generally boosting moral where she could.
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| Red Cross uniform |
A simulation of FDR's war room was interesting for the kids, especially with the anachronistic touch screens.
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| Rotary phones and giant iPads? |
With the infusion of American military and economic efforts, the Allies made many inroads on the Axis conquests.
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| The Allies strike back! |
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| FDR giving a war speech |
During the war, FDR died from a cerebral hemorrhage on April 12, 1945. He had been elected to a fourth term. Harry Truman, as Vice President, became the next president.
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| President's death |
The museum has FDR's desk from the White House. An interactive screen explains the various items on the desk.
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| Poor lighting, sorry |
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| View from behind the chair |
Eleanor outlived him by quite a bit, dying on November 7, 1962. She spent her time writing and advocating for various issues.
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| ER's typewriter |
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| Some of her books |
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| More poor lighting! |
The museum also has FDR's convertible and dozens of model ships that he collected.
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| The family car |
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| An Italian shipyard |
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| More boats |
The museum provided a lot of insight and detail about FDR's life and presidency, though it was definitely slanted in his favor. Some controversies are mentioned in passing but no critical assessments are given. Visitors have to expect a bit of bias from someone's own museum, I suppose. We didn't get the chance to see the home or the rest of the estate. Maybe on another trip?
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