Book Review: Purgatory by Dante Aligheri

The Divine Comedy Volume II: Purgatory by Dante Aligheri, translated with an introduction, notes, and commentary by Mark Musa

Here's the link to my review of Volume I: Inferno.

Dante the Pilgrim continues his journey through the afterlife. Having slogged his way through Hell and come out on the other side of the earth, he and his guide Virgil (author of the Aeneid) begin their ascent of Mount Purgatory. Instead of the circles in Hell, Purgatory has various terraces where sins and the punishment due to sin are expiated. All souls have to ascend through every terrace, but some terraces are passed more quickly--if envy or sloth weren't a particular problem, an individual would travel through them quickly.

Dante learns more about the fates of famous historical figures and of Italians who died in the 1200s (the past century when the poem was written). He also learns some theology on the way and hears many prophecies. At the top of the mountain is the Garden of Eden where he finally meets Beatrice, the love of his life, who will lead him through Heaven.

Like the Inferno, the volume packs in a lot vivid descriptions of the place. The sinners are inspired by examples of the virtues they have failed at (e.g. the prideful see the Virgin Mary humbly accepting to be the mother of God at the Annunciation) and of their particular vices (e.g. the covetous or avaricious see King Midas's greed for gold). The blending of Christian and pagan examples gives a richness to the text and shows how we humans have been falling into these same sins for thousands of years. When Dante gets to Eden, the imagery is allegorical and prophetic.

Musa's notes are very helpful throughout, filling in many gaps in my knowledge and understanding of the text. The text itself is very readable. The blank verse keeps the poetic form of the poem without the translator having to force rhymes or use archaic phrasing and word order to keep the rhythm. This edition is very reader-friendly.

I can't wait for the big finale!

A Good Story is Hard to Find podcast has a commentary on this, as well as their previous Inferno discussion.

Book Review: Inferno by Dante Aligheri

Inferno by Dante Aligheri, translated with an introduction, notes, and commentary by Mark Musa

The Divine Comedy is a classic of Western literature. Completed in 1320, Dante Aligheri's epic poem is a journey through the afterlife. The first part is called Inferno and describes his trip through Hell. The poem starts on Good Friday eve, 1300 AD, and Dante wakes up in a dark valley where he is pursued by three wild animals. He runs into Virgil, the Roman poet. Much like the Blues Brothers, Virgil has been sent on a mission from God. Virgil is Dante's guide through Hell and Purgatory. Once they reach Heaven, another will guide Dante.

Hell is organized into concentric rings that go down into the Earth, with the sinners and the punishments becoming worse and worse the further and further Dante and Virgil descend. At the top is a sort of vestibule where the indecisive, those who chose neither good nor evil, are chased at manic speeds by swarms of wasps. The punishment looks rather mild by the time Dante reaches the bottom of Hell, where sinners are partly frozen in a lake of ice and are chewing on one another. For all eternity.

The scope of the work is amazing. Dante finds room for every sort of sin and sinner. Famous figures like Pontius Pilate and Mohammed are mixed in with a large variety of 13th century Italians, including many figures from Tuscany, Dante's home region. The punishments are varied and often evoke a sense of poetic justice. Dante, the character in the poem, goes through a transformation as well. At first, he is very sympathetic to the sinners. By the end, he has a much better awareness of the evil they have done and the appropriateness of their punishments.

I read the translation by Mark Musa. The text is very readable. He uses blank verse, so there is no awkward forced rhymes and the vocabulary is mostly modern. He also gives detailed notes at the end of each canto, explaining characters and references to historical events. The cantos are about 130 lines each and Inferno has thirty-four cantos. So reading one a day is an easy way to get through this part of the epic in about a month (or all three in a little over three months).

The good folks at A Good Story is Hard to Find podcast have a commentary on this and will be commenting on Purgatorio and Paradiso in the coming two months! I plan on reading both.

Sample quote (on the giants in the bottom of Hell who are as tall as towers and as nasty as knaves):

for when the faculty of intellect
  is joined with brute force and with evil will,
  no man can win against such an alliance. [Canto XXXI, 55-57]